E-book+My+Story+of+the+world

E-book My Story of the World

**Five errors highlighted. Grade is 90. Go for 100!**
 * Kayla--Revise this yourself, without assistance from Alyssa or Brianna. Mr.Baskin can you please revise my middle ages and re. and ref. **
 * kayla on 1/5/12 **
 * Mr. B., on 1/3/12 **

Middle Ages took place from A.D. 500 to the 1400s. Charles Martel was very famous during this time. Charles Martel was a Frankish war leader. Martel’s grandson was “Charles the Great” or Charlemagne, and he was known for being the greatest Frank leader. Charles spread Roman Christianity all throughout France, and lands in Italy and Germany. He conquered kingdoms in the southwestern lands of what is now modern-day France, Italy, and Germany. Charles had the greatest achievement, conquering a lot of land.

Feudalism is a system developed to keep peace throughout Europe. It started around 800. It helped control their land and keep everyone loyal to each other. Other than feudalism, they had special groups called fiefs. These fiefs were divided by what lord owned what land, and who his vassals and nobles were. A vassal was a person who took an oath of loyalty to their lord. A lord is a king of a certain area. A fief is a land a kind or another powerful being would give to a noble. After becoming a vassal, the fief would hold something called, “The Oath Of Fealty.” The oath of fealty is a solemn ceremony. The Code Chivalry was the code of honor knights followed. Knights were nobles who would fight for a king or powerful land owner in the feudal system. Knights had to be a good Christian and defend the churches; they had to know music and poetry, have good manners, and defend their people. Then, in the social triangle, there were serfs. Serfs were peasants who worked on a noble land called a manor. A manor was a settlement that belonged to a lord. It usually had a church. It also had seperate villages for the surfs to live in. At the same time of Charlemagne’s death, Vikings were trying to take over Europe. Vikings were northern raiders and explorers who came from Demark. They were best known for plundering villages and churches. When this was happening, the Duke, William crossed the English Channel with 5,000 knights. He defeated Harold, the Saxon king, at Hasting. He became known as William the Conquer. He established a strong government and brought French culture to the island. Just as vassals had to obey their lord, lords had to show respect to their vassals. One example of this was King John’s attitude towards his vassals. King John was the king of England in 1215. He was forced by his vassals to sign the Magna Carta because it stated kings could not violate the rights of free men and women. Once he signed it he could not take away rights of the vassals working for him. The Magna Carta also stated kings could not violate the rights of free vassals by setting unfair taxes and making unfair demands of goods or labor.

The primary religion was Roman Catholic. Monks were an example of Roman Catholic people. Monks were people who obeyed the rules of the head monk. In general, monks dedicated their lives to their religion. Monasteries were communities where monks lived and dedicated their lives to God. Monks wrote books of poetry, prayer, and old Greek and Roman text, called manuscripts. The room they made copies in was the scriptorium. There were also Nuns. Nuns were women who serve God. Convents are places where they live and serve God. Monks and nuns prayed in a cathedral. A cathedral was a Christian church. The role it served was to educate people about the Christian religion. They were allowed to speak freely about their God and learn about him as they wished. A few years later, the Crusades started. The crusades were a series of wars. They fought over the “Holy Land.” They battled with the Muslims. Then the Reconquista happened. It was a long war fought by Christian armies to recapture Spain from the Muslims. In the Middle Ages, there were merchants and craftsmen. Merchants sold and traded goods when they traveled. Craftsmen such as trailers, shoemakers, drapers, bakers, locksmiths, painters, stonemasons, and master builders helped out their towns by crafting and fixing stuff. The apprentices usually helped them. An apprentice was a person who works without pay. They were expected to obey and do whatever the master said to do. Next, they became journeyman craftsman. A journeyman craftsman is a craftsman who went in their travels to get to know each town, their customs and their ways of work. They would then pick a town they liked the best to settle down and work in. Apprentices and journeyman both had to work without pay and they weren’t master craftsman. You had to demonstrate your skills by creating a masterpiece (such as a coat) and only then were you a master craftsman and admitted into the guild. The guilds are groups or associations where craftsman worked. The goals of these guilds were to get the best craftsman by setting strict rules and commands and making it harder to enter. You had to prove yourself to the leaders of the guild you wanted to join. Pretty soon, The Black Death surfaced. The Black Death was a plague; a disease that spreads like wildfire. It first happened in Europe in 1348 and lasted for 130 years. The cause of the Black Death was the bacterium that was spread by fleas and rats. It wiped out one third of the western population.

Second Grade Make these changes to raise grade to a 98. Feudalism is a system developed to keep peace throughout Europe. It started around 800. Other than feudalism, they had special groups called fiefs. These fiefs were divided by what king owned what land, and who his vassals and nobles were. A noble took an oath of loyalty to their lord. A lord is a king of a certain area. A vassal takes an oath of loyalty to their lord. A fief is a land a kind or another powerful being would give to a noble. After becoming a vassal, “The Oath Of Fealty.” The oath of fealty is a solemn ceremony. The Code of Chivalry was the code of honor knights followed. Knights were nobles who would fight for a king or powerful being in the feudal system. Knights had to be a good Christian and defend the churches; they had to know music and poetry, have good manners, and defend their people. Then, in the social pyramid there were serfs. Serfs were peasants who worked on a noble land called a manor. A manor was a settlement that belonged to a lord. It usually had a church. At the same time of Charlemagne’s death Vikings were taking over Europe. Vikings were northern raiders and explorers who came from Demark. They were best known for plundering villages and churches. The Duke William crossed the English Channel with 5,000 knights. He defeated Harold, the Saxon king, at Hasting. He became known as William the Conquer. He established a strong government and brought French culture to the island. Just as vassals had to obey their lord, lords had to show respect to their vassals. One example of this was King John’s attitude toward his vassals. King John was the king of England in 1215. By his vassals to sign the Magna Carta because it stated kings could not violate the rights of free men and women. Once he signed it he could not take away rights of the vassals working for him. The Magna Carta said kings could not violate the rights of free vassals by setting unfair taxes and making unfair demands of goods or labor.

Religion The primary religion was Roman Catholic. Monks were people who obeyed the rules of the head monk. They were Roman Catholic. In general, monks dedicated their lives to Gods. Monasteries were communities where monks lived and dedicated their lives to gods. Monks wrote books of prayer and poetry and old Greek and roman called manuscripts. The room they made copies in was the scriptorium. There were also nuns. Nuns were women who serve God. Convents are places where they live and serve God. Monks and nuns prayed in a cathedral. A cathedral was a Christian church. The role it served was religion. People could learn about God. A few years later the crusades started. The crusades were a series of wars and they fought over the “Holy Land.” They battled with the Muslims. It was a long war fought by Christian armies to recapture Spain.



**Dear Kayla:** **You currently have a 93 on the R. and Reformation mini-chapter. Make the following fixes/answer these questions:** **The Renaissance was a rebirth of interest in what two classical civilizations? Fix-... three dimensions; fix spelling error. What specifically was a letter of indulgence? Why did Luther and others feel that this was a "corruption" of Church teachings? Insert a transition sentence before the Shakespeare sentence. Write something like, "One of the greatest writers lived during...." You, please, come up with something.** **Mr. B. on 1/3/12** __ Renaissance and Reformation __ **//__Background__//** The French word “renaitre” means “rebirth”. The word pertains to the renaissance. The approximate dates of the renaissance were from1350 to 1600. It was a period in time when people were highly interested classical Greece and ancient Rome .It began in Florence. The renaissance began in Florence because they had many workshops and they were the richest city in Europe. They made high quality wooden cloth and other goods. The role it had in banking and trading was that the richest family (Medici) was a patron or supporter. The role the Medici family had was that they supported the town with their work. The people were also interested in humanism. Humanism is the concern for human interests and values. Believers emphasize (value) the rights that others humans have. A patron is a supporter that supports peoples work. Leonardo da Vinci was a painter that lived from 1452 to 1519. Leonardo created paintings such as Mona Lisa. His patron was Lorenzo Medici. His expertise was engineering, music, and the natural world around him. Michelangelo was an artist who lived from1475 to 1564. He painted, sculpted, and was architecture. He made the famous painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chaplin in Rome. He painted scenes from the bible. Leo and Michelangelo used the three-dimension method. The three-dimensional perspective is a technique that is used in art. These techniques, when used, seem to create three- dimensions on a flat surface of a painting. This technique made paintings by renaissance artists to look more realistic then paintings by the artists in the Middle Ages. The word reform means when something changes. The word reformation is the time period when it changed. They were called Protestants because they protested against the Church of Rome. The protestant reformation was a period in time when people were complaining about the changes made in the Roman churches. The chief complaints of the German monk martin Luther were that he didn’t agree with the changes being made by the current pope of Saint Peters church in Rome. This popes name was Leo x. An indulgence is a pardon or forgiveness of the sins, and is sold by the church. Luther complained about this because he thought sins were a disgrace to god, thus the reformation started. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. This helped speed up the process of bookmaking. Instead of having to carve an entire page of a book, the printing press could reuse new letters to form new words page by page. His press could print 300 pages a day cheaply and quietly.
 * //__ Art and Artists __//**
 * //__ Protestant Reformation __//**

King Henry VIII broke away from the Pope. The queen could not have any more children, and all his children were girls. He had no son to take his crown. When he tried to divorce the queen, the Pope refused to divorce them. So the king took over the English church and named it the Anglican Church. He seized the Anglican Church lands and became more powerful and wealthy. Queen Elizabeth was well known for being Henry V111 daughter. Her accomplishes were leading her country to victory in the war with the armada in 1588. She also encouraged English voyagers to create Britain’s overseas and empire. She showed strong leadership. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He was an actor, a poet, and a play writer. His works showed a deep understanding for human thoughts and feelings. By the time he died he had written 37 plays and 154 poems.
 * //__ Reformation and Renaissance in England __//**